In biology, the BBCH-scale for canola describes the phenological development of canola plants using the BBCH-scale.
The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of canola are:
Growth stage | Code | Description |
---|---|---|
0: Germination | 00 | Dry seed |
01 | Beginning of seed imbibition | |
03 | Seed imbibition complete | |
05 | Radicle emerged from seed | |
07 | Hypocotyl with cotyledons emerged from seed | |
08 | Hypocotyl with cotyledons growing towards soil surface | |
09 | Emergence: cotyledons emerge through soil surface | |
1: Leaf development1 | ||
10 | Cotyledons completely unfolded | |
11 | First leaf unfolded | |
12 | 2 leaves unfolded | |
13 | 3 leaves unfolded | |
1 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
19 | 9 or more leaves unfolded | |
2: Formation of side shoots | 20 | No side shoots |
21 | Beginning of side shoot development: first side shoot detectable | |
22 | 2 side shoots detectable | |
23 | 3 side shoots detectable | |
2 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
29 | End of side shoot development: 9 or more side shoots detectable | |
3: Stem elongation2 | 30 | Beginning of stem elongation: no internodes (“rosette”) |
31 | 1 visibly extended internode | |
32 | 2 visibly extended internodes | |
33 | 3 visibly extended internodes | |
3 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
39 | 9 or more visibly extended internodes | |
5: Inflorescence emergence | 50 | Flower buds present, still enclosed by leaves |
51 | Flower buds visible from above (“green bud”) | |
52 | Flower buds free, level with the youngest leaves | |
53 | Flower buds raised above the youngest leaves | |
55 | Individual flower buds (main inflorescence) visible but still closed | |
57 | Individual flower buds (secondary inflorescences) visible but still closed | |
59 | First petals visible, flower buds still closed (“yellow bud”) | |
6: Flowering | 60 | First flowers open |
61 | 10% of flowers on main raceme open, main raceme elongating | |
62 | 20% of flowers on main raceme open | |
63 | 30% of flowers on main raceme open | |
64 | 40% of flowers on main raceme open | |
65 | Full flowering: 50% flowers on main raceme open, older petals falling | |
67 | Flowering declining: majority of petals fallen | |
69 | End of flowering | |
7: Development of fruit | 71 | 10% of pods have reached final size |
72 | 20% of pods have reached final size | |
73 | 30% of pods have reached final size | |
74 | 40% of pods have reached final size | |
75 | 50% of pods have reached final size | |
76 | 60% of pods have reached final size | |
77 | 70% of pods have reached final size | |
78 | 80% of pods have reached final size | |
79 | Nearly all pods have reached final size | |
8: Ripening | 80 | Beginning of ripening: seed green, filling pod cavity |
81 | 10% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
82 | 20% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
83 | 30% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
84 | 40% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
85 | 50% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
86 | 60% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
87 | 70% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
88 | 80% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
89 | Fully ripe: nearly all pods ripe, seeds dark and hard | |
9: Senescence | 97 | Plant dead and dry |
99 | Harvested product |
1 Stem elongation may occur earlier than stage stage 19; in this case continue with stage 20
2 Visibly extended internode n develops between leaf n and leaf n+1
Weber, E.; H. Bleiholder (1990). "Erläuterungen zu den BBCH-Dezimal-Codes für die Entwicklungsstadien von Mais, Raps, Faba-Bohne, Sonnenblume und Erbse - mit Abbildungen.". Gesunde Pflanzen 42: 308–321.
Lancashire, P.D.; H. Bleiholder, P. Langeluddecke, R. Stauss, T. van den Boom, E. Weber, A. Witzen-Berger (1991). "An uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds.". Ann. Appl. Biol. 119 (3): 561–601.. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1991.tb04895.x.